Definition of ‘Holocaust Survivors’

Date: Wed, 13 Aug 1997 16:17:20 CDT
From: Adina Mishkoff mailto:[email protected]
Organization: AMCHA
Subject: Number of living Holocaust survivors
cc: AMCHA office mailto:[email protected]
To: Multiple recipients of list H-HOLOCAUST mailto:H [email protected]

Shalom,

We have seen several inquiries in the past regarding the number of living Holocaust survivors.

A recent committee put together by the Israeli Prime Minister’s Office in relation to other research being conducted was charged with the task of defining who is a holocaust survivor and estimating the number of survivors living today worldwide.

The committee came up with the following based on discussions with researchers and experts in the field as well as commmissioning studies to complement existing data:

A. Definition of the term “Holocaust survivor”:

A Holocaust survivor will be defined as any Jew who lived in a country at the time when it was:

  • under Nazi regime
  • under Nazi occupation
  • under regime of Nazi collaborators as well as any Jew who fleed due to the above regime or occupation.
B. Estimates of living Holocaust survivors:
Israel: Between 360,000 — 380,000
FSU 184,000 — 220,000
USA 140,000 — 160,000
Western Europe 80,000 — 100,000
Eastern Europee 50,000 — 80,000
Other countries 20,000 — 20,000
TOTAL 834,000 — 960,000

Hopefully this will answer all those who have posed this question recently.

All the best,

Adina Mishkoff

Administrative Asst/AMCHA, Jerusalem


Webmaster note: By this definition, a Jew who lived under the Nazi regime or under Nazi occupation could have been a collaborator with the Nazis, and STILL be considered a “Holocaust survivor.”

On the other hand, Jews who were sent to the gulags by the Soviet state prior to the German invasion in 1941 are not considered “Holocaust survivors.” Presumably, Jews killed by the Soviet state are not “victims of the Holocaust.” They’re just dead.

Most amazingly, Jews who left Europe in 1933 or 1934 for America and elsewhere, and who lived a cushy life while the war raged in Europe, are considered “Holocaust survivors.”

Move over Christiaan Barnard

Ilona Sugar was released as a very sick woman from a German concentration camp exactly 32 years ago. Sadistic Nazi doctors had performed medical experiments on her. They transplanted her heart to the right and her liver to the left without any anesthesia. This is known as vivisection. To this day Mrs. Sugar has not received a penny of restitution from Germany.

Continue reading

Human thumb light switches

50 Years Later, a Visit With Buchenwald’s Ghosts

By STEPHEN KINZER

New York Times. New York, N.Y.

Apr 10, 1995. pg. A3, 1 pgs

WEIMAR, Germany, April 9 — With a solemn and highly emotional gathering at the site of the former Buchenwald concentration camp, Germany today began a month of ceremonies to remember the victims of the Nazi horror.

[…]

She [Ilse Koch] was a very beautiful woman with long red hair, but any prisoner who was caught looking at her could be shot,” recalled Kurt Glass, a former inmate who worked as a gardener at the Koch family villa. “She got the idea she would like lamp shades made of human skin, and one day on the Appelplatz we were all ordered to strip to the waist. The ones who had interesting tatoos were brought to her, and she picked out the ones she liked. Those people were killed and their skin was made into lampshades for her. She also used mummified human thumbs as light switches in her house.

6 million did not die in the gas chambers

BY STEWART AIN
Inside, 12-31-1994

Philip Bialowitz still remembers the ear-piercing shrieks. "I could hear the screams of those in the gas chamber," says Bialowitz, his voice rising as he remembers the horror of it all. "It was like thunder."

Bialowitz, 66, of Little Neck, N.Y., is one of 11 living survivors of the Sobibor extermination camp. At 15, he and a group of other teenagers were ordered by their Nazi captors to cut the hair of Jewish women moments before they entered the gas chamber — a chamber supposedly containing showers.

[…]

But Philip Bialowitz can never forget that "bodies were taken out and burned in stacks. Hundreds of them were burned like steaks." Historians estimate that 250,000 Jews were murdered in the 18 months Sobibor operated.

[…]

"There is more recorded documentation of genocide during the Holocaust than at any other time in the history of mankind," says the ADL’s Jeffrey Ross. Historians point out that not one of the Nazis tried for war crimes ever denied the existence of gas chambers or the plan to exterminate the Jews.

[…]

Stewart Ain is a staff writer for the Jewish Week.

Ethnic NewsWatch © SoftLine Information, Inc., Stamford, CT

The River that Runs Red with the Ashes of Jews

A town relives memories of the Holocaust

St. Petersburg Times

July 13, 1992

[…]

It was 1944 and the Red Army was approaching. On orders from the high command, the Nazis began an effort to hide the evidence of their atrocities in the Terezin ghetto, a town just 30 miles outside of Prague known as the antechamber to Auschwitz.

As the Red Army neared, the Nazis forced surviving Jews to dump truckloads of ashes into the river’s calm waters. The ashes were the remains of tens of thousands of Jewish victims who died in Terezin and were burned at a crematorium near the river.

The river has never been clear again,” said Mark Talisman, an American scholar of Czechoslovakian Jewry, on a recent visit there. “It has always been blood red.”

Memory of Holocaust central to new world order

  • Unchallenged, racism has the capacity to undercut civilization’s basic values and to destroy democracy

Ian J. Kagedan

Toronto Star

November 26, 1991

In the moral reconstitution of Eastern Europe, coming to the terms with the Holocaust must figure prominently.

The hatred of Jews brought thousands to collaborate with the Nazis in the extermination process; anti-Semitism is still a problem. And today we are witnessing a more generalized racism targeting one group or another. The effective denial of the Holocaust by the Communist regimes made it easy to ignore its lessons.

[…]

The Holocaust stands as Western civilization’s greatest failure. It was a natural outcome of centuries of racism and of anti-Semitism.

To deny the Holocaust is to deny racism’s capacity to undercut our civilization’s basic values and to destroy democracy. Achieving our quest of a “new world order” depends on our learning the Holocaust’s lessons.

Ian J. Kagedan is director of government relations for B’nai Brith Canada.